정의가 곧 힘이다, 힘이 정의를 만드는 것이 아니다
Philip Jaisohn, also known as Soh Jaipil (서재필), was dedicated to cultivating democratic values for the Korean people. After his participation in the failed 1884 Gapsin Coup (갑신정변), he left for the U.S. with his compatriots Park Yeong Hyo (박영효) (who designed the Korean flag) and Soh Gwang-beom (서광범). Arriving in San Francisco in 1885 with barely any money and a limited ability to speak English, Jaisohn was alone in choosing to remain in the U.S. to create a new life for himself. With great fortitude, he taught himself English and found a job delivering furniture ad leaflets to homes in San Francisco. In 1890, Jaisohn became a U.S. citizen, the very first Korean to do so. In 1892, he became the first Korean to earn a medical degree in the United States.
Jaisohn returned to Korea at the end of 1895 with a focus on educating the Korean people for self-rule. Laboring strenuously for the enlightenment and independence of the nation, he created the Tongnip Sinmun (독립신문) ("The Independent"), the first newspaper in the Korean language, and organized The Independence Club (독립협회) which introduced Koreans to the enlightenment movement and national sovereignty, along with parliamentary procedure and debate. He also initiated the building of Independence Gate (독립문), which stands in Seoul to this day. A drawing of Independence Gate appears to the right.Too progressive for the Korean government at the time, Jaisohn was forced to return to the U.S. in 1898.
On March 9, 1919, Jaisohn received a telegram from Ahn Chang-ho (안창호) informing him of the March 1st non-violent, democratic uprising in Korea. That telegram is below. To support this movement, Jaisohn presided over the First Korean Congress in Philadelphia in April 1919. There are materials below from the First Korean Congress, including its Proceedings and archival video.
From June 1919-July 1922, Jaisohn published the monthly Korea Review from 1919-1922. With the motto “Truth Enlightens the World” the magazine helped to educate Americans about the plight of the Korean people.
Philip Jaisohn returned to Korea in 1947 by invitation of the U.S. government. This was his second return to the country since first being exiled in 1884. On this second return, Jaisohn re-dedicated Independence Gate 50 years after its completion. Video and photographs of that poignant moment below.
Philip Jaisohn died in 1951, heartbroken by the outbreak of the Korean War. You can listen to his radio message to the Korean below. English translation available here.*
“정의가 곧 힘이다, 힘이 정의를 만드는 것이 아니다” ~ 서재필
서재필 (1864 – 1951) 선생은 Philip Jaisohn이라고도 알려져 있으며, 한국 국민들 가운데 민주적 가치를 길러 발전시키는데 헌신한 인물이다. 1884년 갑신정변을 주도했으나 실패한 후, 그는 태극기를 설계한 박영효 및 동포 서광범과 함께 일본으로 떠났다. 그는 또다시 망명해 1885년 미국에 도착했고, 당시 수중에 돈이 거의 없었으며 영어에 능통하지도 않았다. 서재필 선생은 홀로 미국에 남아 새 인생을 시작하기로 선택한다. 불굴의 기백으로 그는 영어를 배우던 중, 첫 직업으로 샌프란시스코에서 가구 광고 전단지를 배포하는 일을 시작한다. 서재필 선생은 1890년 한국인 최초로 미국 시민이 된다. 그로부터 2년 후, 그는 한국인 최초로 미국에서 의학 학위를 얻었다.
서재필 선생은 1895년 귀국해 국민들에게 자치 (自治)에 대해 교육하는데 집중한다. 한국어로 된 최초의 신문인 독립신문을 출간했으며, 독립협회를 조직함으로써 개화와 자주독립에 힘쓰는 한편, 국민들에게 의회 절차와 토론에 대해 교육하고자 했다. 그는 또한 독립문 건축을 시작한 인물이다. 당시 보수적이던 대한민국 정부에 비해 너무 진보적이었던 서재필 선생은 1898년 부득이 미국으로 돌아가게 된다. 1919년 3월 9일, 서재필 선생은 안창호 선생으로부터 비폭력 민주 운동인 3.1운동에 대한 전보를 받는다. 이 운동에 동참하고자 그는 미국에서 1919년부터 1922년까지 월간지인 “코리아 리뷰”를 발행한다. 이 잡지의 목적은 미국인들에게 한국인들이 처한 상황에 대해 알리는 것이었다. 그는 1947년 미국 정부의 초청을 받고 한국으로 돌아갔지만 1951년, 한국전쟁 발발에 대해 비통해하다가 마침내 생을 마감하게 된다.
Telegram sent to Philip Jaisohn communicating the
March 1, 1919 Movement.
Korea Review, published by Philip Jaisohn from June 1919 to July 2022.
Download here or click on image above for
the complete Proceedings.
Re-dedication of Independence (독립문) Gate on its 50th Anniversary, November, 1947.
Philip Jaisohn (서재필) Presiding. Jaisohn was 83 years old at the time
Philip Jaisohn's (서재필) greeting to the Korean people on March 1, 1949 in which he speaks about the importance of unification. Jaisohn is in the U.S. when he sends this greeting (in Korean). For a transcription of this recording in Korean, download here.
For the English translation of this recording download here.*
*Transcription and Translation provided by Ms. Hyun Jung Lee (이현정) of The Graduate Institute of Peace Studies, Kyung Hee University.